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(Application filed Jan. 20, 1898.)

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2 ESE b b b No. 607,973. Patented July 26, |898.

H. W. WANAMAKER.

BRICK KILN.

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Patented .luly 26, |898.

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I-IENRY w. WANAMAKER, OE BALTIMORE, MARYLAND, AssIeNoR OEl ONE- I-IALE To .IosERI-I R. WILSON, on sAME PLACE.

BRICK-KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 607,973, aatearuly 2e, 189s.

` pplieation filed January 20, 1898. Serial No. 667}244. (No model.)

T0 all whom t may concern:

Be it kn own that LHENRY W.WANAMAKER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Baltimore city, in the State of Maryland, have invented new and useful Improvements in Brick-Kilns, of which the following is a speci'- fication.

This invention relates to certain new and useful improvements in kilns designed for burning high-grade brick, tiles, or other articles made of clay or 'other material.

The Object of my invention is to provide a kiln which is so constructed that the entire heat of the furnaces will be utilized and to provide one which may be keptin continuous operation, the kiln being so constructed that the heat and prodtcts of combustion from the furnaces will not be permitted to come in directcontact with the material placed in the kiln to be baked or burned. l

A further object of my invention is to utilize the heat given olf from the bricks or other products as they are being baked or burned by causing the same to pass into the adjacent oven or ovens, the ovens being provided with mufle kilns or ovens, ues arrangedjin thel longitudinal walls of the kilns` which will conveythe heat and products of combustion from the heat-chambers positioned at the sides and top Of the .muffle kilns or ovens to the adjoiningone, each section having furnaces and fines which connect the heatingchamber with the main flue, which leads to a stack.

The invention also consists in connecting a series of muflie kilns or ovens, each having independent furnaces, with a main line, so that the bricks or other wares or material placed in the kiln may be burned or baked consecutively or independently. n

The invention alsoconsists in connecting the muffle kilns or ovenswith each other, so that the heat which 'is given off fromY the bricks or other products placed therein and heated will be caused to pass from one Inutile kiln or oven to 'the one adjacent thereto, so as to assist in drying and heating said mufe kiln or oven prior to burning; also, in providing fines which are independent or dis connected from the fines or chambersthrough which the products of combustion pass and are connected with the oven and with the lines leading to the stack, so that thefovens may be connected, when desired, with the stack.

The invention further consists` in the special construction and arrangement Vofl the iiues which are connected with the furnaces and the stack and the lines which connect the mui'iie kilns or Ovens with the stack, as will be hereinafter set forth.

In the practical embodiment of Iny invention IV prefer to provide two longitudinal series of kilns, between which are located a passage and a stack or chimney, and on each side of the stack, parallel with the kilns, is a main flue, having short flues connected with the heat-chambers ofthe mufiie kilns or ovens and with the furnaces. The outer walls of the kiln have built therein i'lues which con` neet the adjacent heat-chambers with each other, and the inner or opposite walls of the kiln have built therein ilues which connect with flues in communication with the mufle kilns or ovens, the longitudinal flues being connected with the fines leading to the'stack', so that the vapor, Water, smoke, or steam given off from the products placed in the- :muflle kilns or ovens may be removedtherefrom and carried to the stack. The adjacent side walls of the kilns have doorways opening into the muilie kilns or Ovens, and the outer or opposite side walls of each section have a series of furnaces connected with a corresponding series of ilues or heat-passages whichextend from the furnaces to the heatn ing-chamber surrounding or extending about the sides and top of the oven opposite or ad jacent to the particular series of furnaces, each muftle kiln or ovenbeing provided with a short flue which connects the heating-cham ber thereof with the main flue of the stack. Each of the muftle kilns or ovens is provided with flues which are separate andl'independent of the heat-conveying chambers or Iiues and are connected with horizontal ilues in the foundatiomwalls, the latter communieating with the flues leading to the stack, these lues beingprovided with "dampers, so that a circulation may be established between the muiile kilns or ovens and the stack, dam- IOO pers being provided, so that said lues can be cut off when desired.

The partition-walls between each of the mufie kilns or ovens and atthe end of each series are pierced `or apertured, so that the heat from one may pass to the adjoining oven, and so on to the end of the series.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure lis a horizontal sectional View of a kiln constructed in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a vertical sectional View taken on the line 2 2 of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a vertical section taken on the line 3 3 of Fig. 2, looking toward the stack; and Fig. 4 is a sectional view on the line 4 4, looking in the direction indicated by the arrows.

A refers to the stack, which is connected to the main flues A. Said flues have a series of branch iiues A2, which connect with each of the heating-chambers surrounding the muffle kilns or ovens.

B refers to the outer vertical walls of the kiln-sections, which are provided with flues, said ues having horizontal sections b ZJ' and vertical sections b2, which are built in the wall and form a part thereof. The outer walls are provided with a series of furnaces C, each section of the series being opposite the mufiie kilns or ovens. The ovens are of the usual type, and the openings therefrom are on a line with a corresponding series of arches D, said arches being of the same length as the base or bottom of the mufiie-kilns.

The walls cf the main kiln adjacent to the passage-way between them have doorways which lead into the inuffle kilns or ovens, and the side walls and arched top of the kilns where the heat comes in contact therewith, as well as the flues, are lined with fire-brick, and a suitable system of T-iron braces are used to clamp the side walls. The ilues which connect the heat-chamber surrounding the ovens are provided with dampers a2 of any suitable type, they being used for connecting or disconnecting the heating chambers surrounding the mufiie kilns or ovens with the main iiues A', and the furnaces areA provided with the usual dampers, so that each furnace can be operated independent of the other. The innerside walls of the kiln are provided with flues, as will be hereinafter described, which connect the mufle kilns or ovens with the stack when desired.

Vithin the side walls of the kilns are built mufle kilns or ovens E, the side walls thereof extending from the iiues or arches D upward, parallel with the outer walls of the kiln, they being arched at the top, and at the commencement of the springing of the arch are a series of blocks c, which are separated, so that the heat and products of combustion may pass between the same. The ovens opposite the doorways have openings which form a continuation of said doorways to provide means for access to the interior of the ovens. Between the flues h b the heat-chambers are intersected by a horizontal wall e.

The kiln or chamber thereof within the outer walls is provided between each doorway with transverse walls E, which extend from the side walls of the oven and intersect the heatchambers su rrounding the same. The transverse walls E are preferably positioned opposite the vertical flues b2, and they are provided with apertures or slits e2, through which the heat from one muffle kiln or oven may pass from the one adjacent thereto, and so on throughout the series. The end walls of the kiln are provided with apertures which connect with end ues F F, extending from one of the kiln-sections to the other, and below the aforesaid iiues are flues which connect the heat-spaces surrounding the ovens or muffie-kilns with the spaces surrounding the ovens of the adjacent kiln-section.

In the longitudinal foundation-walls of the kiln nearest the stack are formed longitudinal flues G and vertical iiues g, which extend upward therefrom and are provided with dampers g, above which are short horizontal iues g2, connecting with short vertical fines g3, built in the space between the walls of the ovens and the main inner wall of the kiln on a line with the partition-walls of the oven. Beneath the partition-walls E' and between the arches or iiues D are transverse flues G', having openings g4 on a line with the openings g2 in the partition -walls. The longitudinal flues G G are connected with the main or branch iiues which lead to the stack.

By providing the ilues G G and connecting them with the muffle kilns or ovens when desired communication between the ovens and stack can be made, so as to lead directly to the stack such vapors or other products as may be given off from the bricks or other wares in drying them prior to baking or burning, and at the proper time communication can be cut off, so that the heat will be caused to pass from one oven to the next one. The ovens can also be connected with the stack when it is desired to cool one or more of the ovens.

With a kiln constructed as herenbefore described it will be noted that the dampers may be set so that there will be no connection between the furnaces and the ovens and that the products of combustion and smoke cannot at any time pass into the ovens; also, that the heat may be caused to circulate from one muffle kiln or oven into the adjacent oven in either direction or be led to the stack. A kiln constructed in accordance with my invention may be kept in continuous operation, and the heat in any particular oven or ovens can be regulated by increasing or diminishing the number of furnaces in use.

In operation when the fires in one of the series of furnaces are started the heat and products of combustion therefrom will pass through the flues D at the bottom of the muffle kilns or ovens, pass upward in the heatchamber thereof over the top of the oven,down- IOO IIO

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ward into the horizontal flue b, from thence downward through the flue b2 into the iiue b, to the heating-chamber surrounding the next mufiie kiln or oven, and the heat willbe so conveyed until it nds an outlet through one of the connecting-lines A2 to the main iiue leading to the stack. To make connection with the stack, it is only necessary to raise one of the dampers a2. terial in the muflie kilns or ovens is being burned the vapor or moisture given off therefrom can be caused to pass through the apertures or openings g4 in the bottom walls of the oven, between the openings e2, and will be drawn into the transverse flue G and from thence into the flue Gto the stack. After the bricks or material in the ovens has been suiiciently dried out the damper between the flues G G is closed, and the heat from the oven will pass to the adjacent one. The lues outside of the kiln-sections which connect the ends of the kilns have passages connecting the heat-chambers, as well as passages for connecting the mufiie kilns or ovens.

What I claim as new isn I. In a kiln the combination with the outer walls having on one side above the level of the furnaces, iiues, ovens forming with the flues heating-chambers each oven having means for establishing communication with the main iiue leading to the stack the flues in the side walls establishing communication with the heating-chamber of the adjacent oven for the purpose set forth.

2. In a kiln constructed to provide a series of ovens which are adjacent to each other each oven having independent furnaces and independent connection with a flue leading to the stack, a horizontal wall between the wall of the kiln and the oven-ilues above said wall connected by a vertical flue, whereby the products of combustion are caused to pass under and around the oven to the vertical flue and from thence to the heating-chamber of the adjacent oven, substantially as shown and for the purpose set forth.

3. In a kiln, the combination with the main, side, and end walls, of a series of muftle-ovens within said walls, furnaces for each oven, fines connecting with the furnaces and opening into a heating-chamber surrounding the oven-fines for connecting said oven with the oven or ovens adjacentthereto and a iiue connectin g the heating-chamber with a fine which leads to the stack, substantially as shown and for the purpose set forth.

4C. In a kiln the combination with the walls inclosing a series of inutile-ovens, the outer walls having for each oven a plurality of furnaces and a corresponding number of horizontal flues connected with a heating-chamber which surrounds the top and sides of the oven, the side wall of the kiln having vertical flues in communication with horizontal tlues which extend from the section of the kiln to the sections or milities adjacent thereto and a horizontal cut-off interposed between As the brick or :ma-

the horizontal connecting-nues, substantially as shown.

5. In a kiln the combination of a horizontal series of muffles or ovens the dividing-walls between the adjacent ovens having apertures therein so that the heat generated in one of the ovens can pass to the adjacent one, substantially as shown.

6. In a brick-kiln having a series of inufiies or ovens, of openings in the dividing-walls for establishing communication between the ovens, a flue connecting the end series of ovens with the end series of the ovens of another kiln-section, substantially as shown.

7. In a kiln having a series of ovens arranged longitudinally within separate kilnsections, fines at the ends of the kiln-sections connecting the ovens,and means for establishing communication between said tlues and a flue leadingA to the stack, substantially as shown.

8. In a kiln a series of ovens each having surrounding heat-chambers, flues connectingv said heat-chambers with a flue connected with a stack of a flue for establishing comf munication between the oven and the stack substantially as shown and for the purpose set forth.

9. In a kiln having a series of ovens arranged within the walls of the kiln so as to provide heating chambers or tlues which sur- -round the ovens furnaces communicating with said heating-chambers and with a stack, iiues for connecting the ovens with the flue leading to the stack and intersecting dampers for said tlues substantially as shown.

10. In a kiln having a series of ovens separated by partition-walls with openings therethrough, heating-chambers surroundingI the sides and top of each' oven furnaces communicating with said chambers a iiue connecting the heat-chamber with the heat-chamber of the adjacent oven, flues below the partition-walls of the oven and in communication with said ovens and ilues for connecting the same with a flue common to each of the ovens and means for establishing communication with said iiue and a flue leading to the stack.

l1. In a kiln the side wall having ues connecting heating-chambers which surround the ovens of the kiln with each other a series of furnaces and arches extending therefrom to the portion of the heating-chamber farthest from the Iiue,partitionwalls having openings a horizontal flue beneath the partitions, said flue connecting with a flue leading to the stack and dampers which intersect the tlues substantially as shown and for the purpose set forth.

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In testimony whereof I have hereunto set i my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

HENRY W. VVANAMAKER.

Witnesses:

. Jos. R. WILSON, WM. H. JONES. 

